为了加速 golang 单元测试执行,可以采取以下措施:1. 进行并行测试以同时运行多个测试;2. 复用测试数据以减少创建和初始化数据的开销;3. 通过 mocking 模拟依赖项来避免不必要的外部调用;4. 使用 benching 找出执行时间最长的测试并进行优化。
如何加速 Golang 单元测试的执行速度?
Golang 的单元测试虽然强大,但执行速度较慢,从而影响了开发效率。本文将介绍几种方法来加速测试执行,优化开发流程。
1. 并行测试
Go 1.18 起支持并行测试,即同时运行多个测试。这对于大项目尤为有利。
package main import ( "testing" "sync" ) // TestParallel runs tests in parallel using the t.Parallel() function. func TestParallel(t *testing.T) { // Create a channel to signal completion. done := make(chan struct{}) defer close(done) // Create a wait group to track running tests. var wg sync.WaitGroup // Start multiple test goroutines. for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { wg.Add(1) go func(i int) { defer wg.Done() t.Run("Test"+strconv.Itoa(i), func(t *testing.T) { // Your test code here time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) }) }(i) } // Wait for all tests to complete before returning. go func() { wg.Wait() close(done) }() <-done // Block until all tests have finished. }
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2. 复用测试数据
预先创建和复用测试数据可以减少测试执行时间。
package main import ( "testing" "sync" ) var testData map[string]interface{} var testDataLock sync.RWMutex // TestDataSetup runs once before all tests and creates test data. func TestDataSetup(t *testing.T) { testDataLock.Lock() defer testDataLock.Unlock() if testData == nil { // Create and initialize test data here. } } // TestExample runs a test using the shared test data. func TestExample(t *testing.T) { TestDataSetup(t) // Ensure test data is available before each test. // Use testData in your test code. }
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3. mocking
通过 mocking 依赖项,模拟外部调用并消除瓶颈。
package main import ( "testing" ) type MyInterface interface { DoSomething() } type MockMyInterface struct { DoSomethingCalled bool } func (m *MockMyInterface) DoSomething() { m.DoSomethingCalled = true } // TestExample uses a mocked dependency to speed up testing. func TestExample(t *testing.T) { mock := &MockMyInterface{} // Pass mock to your code under test. // Assertions using mock.DoSomethingCalled to verify behavior. }
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4. Benching
使用 benching 找出执行时间最长的测试并对其进行优化。
package main import ( "testing" "time" ) func TestSlow(t *testing.T) { for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ { // Time-consuming operation. } } func TestFast(t *testing.T) { for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { // Fast operation. } } func TestBenchmark(t *testing.T) { for i := 0; i < benchmarkN; i++ { t.Run("TestSlow", func(t *testing.T) { b := testing.Benchmark(TestSlow) log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp()) }) t.Run("TestFast", func(t *testing.T) { b := testing.Benchmark(TestFast) log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp()) }) } }
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